hwaaaaaaaaa!!!!! Hari ini saya bener-bener sedang PUSING!!! :'(
Rabu, 25 Januari 2012
Rabu, 11 Januari 2012
MAKALAH TENSES
DISUSUN SEBAGAI TUGAS MATA PELAJARAN
BAHASA INGGRIS
Disusun:
TINTIN HINDIANI
YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM (YPI) AT-TARBIYAH
SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK)
AL-FATONAH
KP. CIANGSANA DESA CIHARASHAS KEC. CILAKU TLP. (0263) 2294849
CANJUR
2011
KATA PENGANTAR
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim……
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat rahmat-Nya saya dapat menyelesaikan tugas makalah sebagai pelengkap tugas dari mata pelajaran DOS.
Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat dan segala kekurangannya dapat menjadi bahan koreksi saya kedepannya……..
Cianjur, Desember 2011
Penyusun
PENJELASAN TENSES
DAN CONTOH PEMAKAIAN DALAM KALIMAT
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (WAKTU SEKARANG
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)
Present Tense atau Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi saat ini. Present Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi berulang-ulang dimasa KINI.
RUMUS:
A. S + To be (am, is, are)
A. S + To be (am, is, are)
B. S + Verb I (s/es)
A. kalimat Nominal
Rumus ini di gunakan pada kalimat niminal yang tidakmempunyai kata kerja, tetapi langsung kata sifat, kata benda dan kata keterangan setelah subyek.
RUMUS:
(+) : S + To be (am, is, are)
(-) : S + To be (am, is, are) + not
(?) : To be (am, is, are) + S
Contoh:
(-) : S + To be (am, is, are) + not
(?) : To be (am, is, are) + S
Contoh:
(Positive) :
1. I drink milk.
2. A postman delivers letters.
3. A Man walks with his feet.
(Negative) :
I do not drink milk.
A Postman do not delivers letters.
The Man do not walks with his feet.
(Interrogative) :
Do You drink milk?
Does Postman delivers letters?
Does The Man walk with his feet?
(Affirmative) :
(+) : I am busy.
(-) : I am not busy
(?) : Are you busy?
1. I drink milk.
2. A postman delivers letters.
3. A Man walks with his feet.
(Negative) :
I do not drink milk.
A Postman do not delivers letters.
The Man do not walks with his feet.
(Interrogative) :
Do You drink milk?
Does Postman delivers letters?
Does The Man walk with his feet?
(Affirmative) :
(+) : I am busy.
(-) : I am not busy
(?) : Are you busy?
B. kalimat Verbal
Semua kata kerja yang subyeknya orang ketiga tunggal (she, he, it) ditambahkan dengan s/es, sedangkan pada subyek I, YOU, WE, THEY, kata kerja yang disunakan adalah kata-kata kerja dasar (Verb 1).
(positive) : S + V1 (S/ES) + V1 + O
(Negative) : S + do (es) not + V1
(Interrogative) : Do (es) + S + V1 ?
(Negative) : S + do (es) not + V1
(Interrogative) : Do (es) + S + V1 ?
Contoh:
(+) They study English Everyday
(-) They doesn’s study English everyday
(?) Do they study English everyday?
2. Present Continuous Tense
Tensse ini untul menyatakan kejadian/perbuatan yang sedang berlangsug atau terjadi saat ini.
RUMUS:
(positive) : S + Be (am, is are) + V ing (present participle)
(Negative) : S + Be (am, is are) + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : Be (am, is, are) + S + V?
Contoh:
(Negative) : S + Be (am, is are) + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : Be (am, is, are) + S + V?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
I am sitting on a chair.
It is raining now.
We are studying English
(Negative) :
I am not sitting on a chair.
It is not (isn’t) raining now.
We are not (aren’t) studying English.
(Interrogative) :
Is it raining now?Ø
Are you studying English?
I am sitting on a chair.
It is raining now.
We are studying English
(Negative) :
I am not sitting on a chair.
It is not (isn’t) raining now.
We are not (aren’t) studying English.
(Interrogative) :
Is it raining now?Ø
Are you studying English?
“I know the lesson now” Not “I am knowing the lesson”
“Do you understand now?” Not “Are you understanding now?”
“Do you understand now?” Not “Are you understanding now?”
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan adalah:
Now : sekarang
At present : pada saat ini
To day: hari ini
This morning: pagi ini
To night: malam ini
3. Present Perfect Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu pekerjaan telah selesai pada saat kalimat dibuat atau peristiwa lamoau yang ada hubungannya dengan kejadian sekarang.
Formulas of Present Perfect Tense:
(positive) : S + have (has) + V3 (past participle)
(Negative) : S + have (has) + not + V3
(Interrogative) : Have (has) + S + V3?
Contoh:
(positive) : S + have (has) + V3 (past participle)
(Negative) : S + have (has) + not + V3
(Interrogative) : Have (has) + S + V3?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
You have told me before.
She has never seen a tiger.
They have been to Japan many times.
(Negative) :
You have not told me about it.
She has not seen that film yet.
They have not been to Japan.
(Interrogative) :
Have you told me before?
Has she met you before?
Have they been to Japan?
You have told me before.
She has never seen a tiger.
They have been to Japan many times.
(Negative) :
You have not told me about it.
She has not seen that film yet.
They have not been to Japan.
(Interrogative) :
Have you told me before?
Has she met you before?
Have they been to Japan?
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan adalah:
For (selama), Since (sejak), Alredy (telah), Ever (pernah), Never (tidak pernah).
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa /perbuatan yang dimulai waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan adalah:
Formula of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
S + have (has) been + V ing
S + have (has) been + V ing
Keterangan:
Untuk membentuk kalimat negative dengan menambah not sesudah have/has. Untuk kalimat introgative have/as diletakan didepan subjek.
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan adalah:
For (selama), Since (sejak), The whole day (sepanjang hari)
PAST TENSE (WAKTU LAMPAU)
1. Simple Past Tense
Utuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/kejadian yang terjadi pada waktu lampau/telah lewat dan waktu terjadinya diketahui
Formula of Simple Past Tense:
(Positive) : S + V2 (preterite)
(Negative) : S + did not (didn’t) + V1
(Interrogative) : Did + S + V1 ?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
I walked to school yesterday
The girl ate much ice cream this morning
They had a car last year
(Negative) :
I didn’t walk to school yesterday
The girl didn’t eat much ice cream this morning
They didn’t have a car last year.
(Interrogative) :
Did you walk to school this morning?
Did she eat much ice cream this morning?
Did They have a car last year?
I walked to school yesterday
The girl ate much ice cream this morning
They had a car last year
(Negative) :
I didn’t walk to school yesterday
The girl didn’t eat much ice cream this morning
They didn’t have a car last year.
(Interrogative) :
Did you walk to school this morning?
Did she eat much ice cream this morning?
Did They have a car last year?
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan adalah:
Yesterday (kemarin), the daybefore yesterday (kemarin lusa), last (yang lalu), ago (yang lalu).
2. Past Continuous Tense
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau pekerjaan yans sedang berlangsung padawaktu lampau.
Formulas of Past Continuos Tense:
(Positive) : S + was/were + V ing (present participle)
(Negative) : S + was/were + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : was/where + S + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) : S + was/were + V ing (present participle)
(Negative) : S + was/were + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : was/where + S + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
I was reading a newspaper
The sun was shining brightly
The children were playing football
(Negative) :
I wasn’t reading a newspaper
The sun wasn’t shining brightly
The children weren’t playing football
(Interrogative) :
Was I reading a newspaper?
Was the sun shining brightly?
Where the children playing football?
I was reading a newspaper
The sun was shining brightly
The children were playing football
(Negative) :
I wasn’t reading a newspaper
The sun wasn’t shining brightly
The children weren’t playing football
(Interrogative) :
Was I reading a newspaper?
Was the sun shining brightly?
Where the children playing football?
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan adalah:
When (ketika), While (ketika), disamping keterangan waktu dari past tense.
3. Past Perfect Tense (waktu sempurna lampau)
tense ini berfunsi untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang telah selesai di lakukan diwaktu lampau, atau menjelaskan suatu peristiwa yang lebih dulu terjadi dari dua kejadian yang dibicarakan.
Formulas of Past Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + had + V3
(Negative) : S + had + not + V3
(Interrogative) : Had + S + V3?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
I had seen the film
The man had been sick
They had met her
(Negative) :
I hadn’t seen the film
The man hadn’t been sick
They hadn’t met her
(Interrogative) :
Had you seen the film?
Had The man been sick?
Had they met her?
I had seen the film
The man had been sick
They had met her
(Negative) :
I hadn’t seen the film
The man hadn’t been sick
They hadn’t met her
(Interrogative) :
Had you seen the film?
Had The man been sick?
Had they met her?
Catatan:
Untuk kalimat negative maka setelah hade ditambah not. Untuk kalimat introgative had diletakan di depan subyek.
4. Past Perfect Continuos Tense (waktu berlangsung sempurna lampau)
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau danmasih berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.
Formulas of Past Perfect Continuos Tense:
(Positive) : S + had been + V ing
(Negative) : S + had not + been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Had + S + been + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
They had been living in France
She had been sleeping
They had been meeting
(Negative) :
I hadn’t been living in France
She hadn’t been sleeping
They hadn’t been meeting
(Interrogative) :
Had They been living in France?
Had She had been sleeping?
Had They been meeting?
(Positive) : S + had been + V ing
(Negative) : S + had not + been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Had + S + been + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
They had been living in France
She had been sleeping
They had been meeting
(Negative) :
I hadn’t been living in France
She hadn’t been sleeping
They hadn’t been meeting
(Interrogative) :
Had They been living in France?
Had She had been sleeping?
Had They been meeting?
Catatan:
Untuk kalimat negative maka setelah hade ditambah not. Untuk kalimat introgative had diletakan di depan subyek.
FUTURE TENSE (waktu akan datang)
1. Simple Future Tense (waktu akan datang)
tenses ini di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.
Formulas of Simple Future Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will + V1
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + V1
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + V1
Contoh:
(Positive) : S + shall/will + V1
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + V1
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + V1
Contoh:
(Positive) :
I shall see you tonightØ
He will speaks English well soonØ
They will do their homework tomorrowØ
(Negative) :
I will not see you toninghtØ
He will not speaks English well soonØ
They will not do their homeworkØ
(Interrogative) :
Will you see her tonight?Ø
Will he speaks English well soon?Ø
Will they do their homework?Ø
2. Future Continuous Tense (waku berlangsung akan datang)
Untul menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan /sedang terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.
I shall see you tonightØ
He will speaks English well soonØ
They will do their homework tomorrowØ
(Negative) :
I will not see you toninghtØ
He will not speaks English well soonØ
They will not do their homeworkØ
(Interrogative) :
Will you see her tonight?Ø
Will he speaks English well soon?Ø
Will they do their homework?Ø
2. Future Continuous Tense (waku berlangsung akan datang)
Untul menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan /sedang terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.
Formulas of Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will be + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + Be + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) : S + shall/will be + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + Be + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
I will be sleeping at 12 o’clock tonight
(Negative) :
I will not be sleeping toninght
(Interrogative) :
Will you be sleeping tonight?
3. Furure Perfect Tense (waktu sempurna yang akan datang)
Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah dimulai diwaktu lampau dan segera selesai diwaktu yang akan datang.
I will be sleeping at 12 o’clock tonight
(Negative) :
I will not be sleeping toninght
(Interrogative) :
Will you be sleeping tonight?
3. Furure Perfect Tense (waktu sempurna yang akan datang)
Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah dimulai diwaktu lampau dan segera selesai diwaktu yang akan datang.
Formulas of Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will have + V3
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have + V3
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have + V3?
Coontoh:
(Positive) : S + shall/will have + V3
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have + V3
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have + V3?
Coontoh:
(Positive) :
You will have spoken English well.Ø
(Negative) :
You will not have spoken English well.Ø
(Interrogative) :
Will You have spoken English well?Ø
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (waktu berlangsung sempurna akan datang)
Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah di mulai pada waktu lampau dan masih ada kemungkinan untuk dilanjutkan pada waktu yang akan datang.
You will have spoken English well.Ø
(Negative) :
You will not have spoken English well.Ø
(Interrogative) :
Will You have spoken English well?Ø
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (waktu berlangsung sempurna akan datang)
Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah di mulai pada waktu lampau dan masih ada kemungkinan untuk dilanjutkan pada waktu yang akan datang.
Formulas of Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will have been + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have been + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
He will have been teaching for 30 years next January.
(Negative) :
He will not have teaching for 30 years next January.
(Interrogative) :
Will He have been teaching for 30 years next January?
(Positive) : S + shall/will have been + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have been + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
He will have been teaching for 30 years next January.
(Negative) :
He will not have teaching for 30 years next January.
(Interrogative) :
Will He have been teaching for 30 years next January?
PAST FUTURE TENSE
(waktu yang akan datang di waktu lampau)
1. Past Future Tense
Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuaan yang akan terjadi diwaktu lampau.
Formulas of Past Future Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would + V1
(Negative) : S + should/would not + V1
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + V1?
Contoh:
(Positive) : S + should/would + V1
(Negative) : S + should/would not + V1
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + V1?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
If I were you, I should marry her. (Conditional)
He said that He would go abroad this week (Reported Speech)
(Negative) :
I should not marry her.
(Interrogative) :
Would you marry her?
2. Past Future Continuous Tense (waktu akan/sedang terjadi di waktu lampau)
Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan/sedang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Formulas of Past Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would be + V ing
(Negative) : S + should/would not be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + be + V ing?
Contoh:
If I were you, I should marry her. (Conditional)
He said that He would go abroad this week (Reported Speech)
(Negative) :
I should not marry her.
(Interrogative) :
Would you marry her?
2. Past Future Continuous Tense (waktu akan/sedang terjadi di waktu lampau)
Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan/sedang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Formulas of Past Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would be + V ing
(Negative) : S + should/would not be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + be + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
They told us that they would be having dinner.
(Negative) :
They would not be having dinner.
(Interrogative) :
Would they be having dinner?
3. Past Future Perfect Tense (waktu akan/sudahterjadi diwaktu lampau)
Tense ini berfunsi untuk menyatak peristiwa yang akan/sudah terjadi diwaktu lampau.
They told us that they would be having dinner.
(Negative) :
They would not be having dinner.
(Interrogative) :
Would they be having dinner?
3. Past Future Perfect Tense (waktu akan/sudahterjadi diwaktu lampau)
Tense ini berfunsi untuk menyatak peristiwa yang akan/sudah terjadi diwaktu lampau.
Formulas of Past Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would have + V3
(Negative) : S + should/would + have + not +V3
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + have + V3?
Contoh:
(Positive) : S + should/would have + V3
(Negative) : S + should/would + have + not +V3
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + have + V3?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
You would have met a lot of friends if you attended the party last night.
(Negative) :
You would have not met a lot of friends.
(Interrogative) :
Would you have met a lot friends?
You would have met a lot of friends if you attended the party last night.
(Negative) :
You would have not met a lot of friends.
(Interrogative) :
Would you have met a lot friends?
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (waktu akan/sudah/sedang terjadi di waktu lampau)
Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan/sudah/sedang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Formulas of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would have been + V ing
(Negative) : S + should/would + have not + been +V ing
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + have been + V ing?
Contoh:
(Positive) :
Her baby would have been sleeping for hours when she arrived home.
(Negative) :
Her baby would have not been sleeping for hour when she arrived home.
(Interrogative) :
Would Her baby have been sleeping for hour when she arrived home?
Her baby would have been sleeping for hours when she arrived home.
(Negative) :
Her baby would have not been sleeping for hour when she arrived home.
(Interrogative) :
Would Her baby have been sleeping for hour when she arrived home?
PENUTUP
Alhamdulillah, kami panjatkan puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. Karena atas berkat dan rahnat-Nyalah saya sebagai penyusun dapa menyelesaikan tugas Makalah tentang TENSES ini.
Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat dan segala kekurangannya dapat menjadi bahan koreksi saya kedepannya.
Cianjur, Desember 2011
Penyusun
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Kamus lengkap Indonesia -Inggris
Langganan:
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